Socialism is not dead, argues noted economist John Roemer; it is merely in need of modernizing. Roemer believes that the hallmark of socialism is egalitarianism, and he reminds us that capitalist societies face increasingly difficult problems of poverty and economic inequality. Re-energizing a debate that began in the late 1930s, he brings a new level of sophistication to the important questions of political economy, in line with contemporary theories of justice and equality.